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A REVIEW ON “MASLOW ON MANAGEMENT BY ABRAHAM.H.MASLOW” With DEBORAH.C.STEPHENS AND GARY HEIL Course: Philosophy of Management Submitted To Prof. Unnikrishnan Nair By Aparna Venugopal Fpm 05 02 Indian Institute of Management Kozhikode Fellow Programme in Management Abstract Dr.
Maslow believed in a holistic analysis of the person to determine self-actualization. He saw the self-actualized person as “different” from the norm. He referred to them as “healthy individuals”, but not perfect.
Nevertheless, he negates any theological or supernatural equation, referring only to the natural experience. His theory focused on the “best of humanity”, but suffered from methodological flaws.
He urges others to perform more research in this area and bring out the validation for his theories. His work is more of a self expression than an attempt to prove or demonstrate to anyone. In this review, I have tried to draw parallels to his findings from earlier findings in Taoism, Buddhism, and Bhagavad Gita. The focus on spirituality is justified by the fact that Maslow himself, thought spirituality to be the prime byproduct of enlightened management.10: Humanistic Theory King of the Mountain Perhaps the most well known contribution to humanistic psychology was introduced by Abraham Maslow. Maslow originally studied psychology because of his intrigue with behavioral theory and the writings of John B. Maslow grew up Jewish in a non-Jewish neighborhood.
He spent much of his childhood alone and reported that books were often his best friends. Despite this somewhat lonely childhood, he maintained his belief in the goodness of mankind. After the birth of his first child, his devotion to Watson's beliefs began a drastic decline. He was struck with the sense that he was not nearly in control as much as Watson and other behaviorists believed. He saw more to human life than just external reinforcement and argued that human's could not possibly be born without any direction or worth.
At the time when he was studying psychology, behaviorism and psychoanalysis were considered the big two. Most courses studies these theories and much time was spent determining which theory one would follow. Maslow was on a different path. He criticized behaviorism and later took the same approach with Freud and his writings.
While he acknowledged the presence of the unconscious, he disagreed with Freud's belief that the vast majority of who we are is buried deep beyond our awareness. Maslow believed that we are aware of our motives and drives for the. Maslow Abraham Maslow was a humanistic psychologist whose theories of self-actualization and hierarchy of needs had a significant impact on the field of human development. Maslow was a very optimistic theorist regarding human beings, with thoughts that he wanted humans to be happy and be the best that they can be regarding their life path. Maslow defined self-actualization as a human being realizing personal potential, self- fulfillment and one who seeks personal growth and peak experiences in their life path (McLeod, 2007). Self-actualization is included in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs (McLeod, 2007) model. Self- actualization is the pinnacle of human development, although Maslow did say that there were no perfect human beings. An individual must satisfy the lower, baser needs to be able to move up the pyramid to self-actualization.
Every human being is capable of reaching the level of self- actualization, but negative events in our lives creates a flux where we go back and forth between the levels contained in the hierarchy. Maslow noted that only one person in a hundred become fully self-actualized because our society rewards motivation based on esteem, love and other social needs (McLeod, 2007).
In the Blewitt and Broderick (2010) text, a concept I thought was interesting was the importance of food as a.of the organization are quite distinct from those of the members as private individuals. FREDERICK W.TAYLOR NAME: Frederick W. Taylor OCCUPATION: Inventor BIRTH DATE: March 20, 1856 DEATH DATE: March 21, 1915 PLACE OF BIRTH: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania PLACE OF DEATH: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania FULL NAME: Frederick Winslow Taylor HISTORY Frederick Winslow Taylor was born on March 20, 1856, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. While employed at Midvale Steel Co., Taylor systemized the shop management to reduce costs and increase production. Taylor became known as the father of production management. His theory was called Taylorism.
Taylor died on March 21, 1915. Frederick Winslow Taylor (March 20, 1856 – March 21, 1915) was an American mechanical engineer who sought to improve industrial efficiency. He is regarded as the father of scientific management and was one of the first management consultants. Taylor was one of the intellectual leaders of the Efficiency Movement and his ideas, broadly conceived, were highly influential in the Progressive Era. Inventor Frederick Winslow Taylor analyzed shop production. His time-and-motion system led to modern mass production techniques.
Views and Contribution Taylor identifies two people as having influenced him: Lucian Sharpe impresses Taylor with his focus, concentration, and task.Abraham Maslow (1954) attempted to synthesize a large body of research related to human motivation. Prior to Maslow, researchers generally focused separately on such factors as biology, achievement, or power to explain what energizes, directs, and sustains human behavior. Maslow posited a hierarchy of human needs based on two groupings: deficiency needs and growth needs.
Within the deficiency needs, each lower need must be met before moving to the next higher level. Once each of these needs has been satisfied, if at some future time a deficiency is detected, the individual will act to remove the deficiency. The first four levels are: 1) Physiological: hunger, thirst, bodily comforts, etc.; 2) Safety/security: out of danger; 3) Belongingness and Love: affiliate with others, be accepted; and 4) Esteem: to achieve, be competent, gain approval and recognition. According to Maslow, an individual is ready to act upon the growth needs if and only if the deficiency needs are met.
Maslow's initial conceptualization included only one growth need-self-actualization. Self-actualized people are characterized by: 1) being problem-focused; 2) incorporating an ongoing freshness of appreciation of life; 3) a concern about personal growth; and 4) the ability to have peak experiences. Maslow laterdifferentiated the growth need of self-actualization, specifically identifying two of the first growth needs as part of.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs is a theory in psychology proposed by Abraham Maslow in his 1943 Paper “A Theory of Human Motivation” Maslow wanted to understand what motivates people. He believed that individuals possess a set of motivation systems unrelated to reward or unconscious desire. Maslow stated that people are motivated to achieve certain needs. When one need is fulfilled a person seeks to fulfill the next one, and so on. The earliest and most widespread version of Maslow's hierarchy of needs includes five motivational needs within a pyramid. Maslow’s theory of motivation is called the “hierarchy of needs”.
Maslow believes that people have five main needs such as physiological needs, safety needs, belonging needs, self-esteem needs and self-realization needs. Physiological needs are examples of the needs to eat, drink, work, sleep and reproduce. Safety needs require the needs of shelter and the need to feel secure.
Belonging needs determined the needs to feel part of a group and need for acceptance. Self-esteem and self-realization are needs to feel good about themselves, need to be recognized for achievement, need for personal fulfillment and need to grow and develop. I completely agree with Maslow’s hierarchy because it is human nature to be motivated and seek out each and every one of our own social status in the world; and that can only be done if each of the hierarchy of needs are satisfactorily met. 212-240 (1976) Maslow Reconsidered: A Review of Research on the Need Hierarchy Theory MAHMOUD A.
WAHBA AND LAWRENCE G. BRIDWELL Baruch College, The City University of New York The uncritical acceptance of Maslow's need hierarchy theory despite the lack of empirical evidence is discussed and the need for a review of recent empirical evidence is emphasized.
A review of ten factor-analytic and three ranking studies testing Maslow's theory showed only partial support for the concept of need hierarchy. A large number of cross-sectional studies showed no clear evidence for Maslow's deprivation/domination proposition except with regard to self-actualization. Longitudinal studies testing Maslow's gratification/activation proposition showed no support, and the limited support received from cross-sectional studies is questionable due to numerous measurement problems. The difficulties with testing the theory are discussed and the conceptual, methodological, and measurement problems of the studies reviewed are detailed. The implications of the findings and future directions for research are outlined. PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND Maslow's need hierarchy theory (1943, 1954, 1970) presents the student of work motivation with an interesting paradox: The theory is widely accepted, but there is little research evidence to support it.
Since Maslow first published his theory 30 years ago, it has become one of the most popular theories of motivation in the.Albert Maslow always wondered what motivated people, he wanted to how or what motivated a person. He believe people were not just motivated by reward, but believed it was a motivation system. Maslow has mentioned that people were motivated to reach a need, when they reached that need they would start on reaching the next and then the next. Albert Maslow was a humanistic psychologist in 1943 wrote his paper titled “A THEORY OF HUMAN MOTIVATION” ( Maslow A.
His theory of human behavior is a hierarchy of needs. Maslow theory of people motivation, he believed there were five stages of motivational needs and each needed to be completed to get to the next stage of need.
The pyramid was not originally used by Maslow to describe his theory of the five stages, but they are used in text books to give a visual description of the levels the hierarchy of needs. Maslow challenged our basic physiological needs to survive is water, food, sleep and air this is what he believed were the most important in his five stages hierarchy of needs and the other stages would fail and not proceed without the basic needs of water, food, sleep and air. Physiological stage would be at the bottom of his theory the bottom of the pyramid. Once Maslow physiological needs were satisfied, you can proceed to the next stage of need. Maslow believed security, financial.these firms let employees meet their changing needs.Flexible (cafeteria) benefits plans are plans that allow employees to choose benefits that suit them and to make adjustments to meet their changing needs. Unsatisfied needs can cause frustration, conflict and stress.
From a managerial perspective, unsatisfied needs are dangerous because they may lead to undesirable performance outcomes. Maslow assumes that people have a need to grow and develop and, consequently will strive to move up the hierarchy in terms of need satisfaction. This assumption may be true for some employees but not others.
Mary Kay, Inc., uses the full range of Maslow’s need hierarchy to motivate its 1.8 million beauty consultants in 35 markets worldwide. The company is still best known for its reward of the Mary Kay Pink Cadillac for outstanding sales and team building. Consultant’s report that they are motivated by commissions and incentives (pay), being a part of a team (belongingness and social), recognition (esteem), and the privilege to help others (self-actualization). Mary Kay management appears to understand motivation and needs.
Pay, incentives, recognition, autonomy and helping others succeed are a combination of factors that the consultants seek. Several research studies have attempted to test the need-hierarchy theory.
The first field-reported research that tested a modified version of Maslow’s need hierarchy was performed by Porter.